Everything about Josiah Martin totally explained
Josiah Martin (
April 23,
1737 on the island of
Antigua – July,
1786 in
London,
England) was the last colonial
governor of the
Province of North Carolina (1771-1775).
Martin became an
ensign in the
British army in 1756, and rose to the rank of
lieutenant colonel in 1769. He was appointed the royal governor of North Carolina, succeeding
William Tryon, who had been transferred to
Province of New York. After his home was attacked by
Whigs on
April 24,
1775, he sent his family to New York and took refuge on board the
sloop-of-war Cruiser, transferring his headquarters to
Fort Johnston on the
Cape Fear river.
When the
Mecklenburg Declaration of Independence was published in May 1775, Martin transmitted a copy to England, which he described as "setting up a system of rule and regulation subversive of his majesty's government." Martin then requested a supply of arms and ammunition from General
Thomas Gage in
Boston. In July 1775, a plot instigated by Martin to arm the slaves was discovered. In retaliation,
John Ashe led a group of colonists against Fort Johnston on
July 20. Martin was forced to flee aboard the
Cruiser while the colonists destroyed the fort. Martin remained off the coast of North Carolina, directing the rising of the
Loyalists, whom he supplied with weapons brought from England. After two attempted invasions during the
Carolina campaign of the
American Revolutionary War to reestablish his administration were turned back, Martin, who was then in ill health due to fatigue, left for
Long Island and then England.
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